Estancias post-Quincke, nueva posibilidad de formación, aprendizaje, producción e intercambio de conocimientos científicos / Post-Quincke stays, new possibility of training, learning, production and exchange of scientific knowledge

RESUMEN Introducción: Como resultado de las Becas de Investigación Quincke, se ha formado un grupo de investigación con jóvenes estudiantes de medicina y recién egresados interesados en continuar las investigaciones que se desarrollan en el Laboratorio Central de Líquido Cefalorraquídeo (LABCEL). Objetivo: Describir el crecimiento de este grupo entre los años 2012 al 2020en lo que se ha llamado estancias post-Quincke integrado por los 8 alumnos ayudantes de LABCEL y los 8 alumnos que no forman parte de este colectivo y que a lo largo de estos años se han incorporados como alumnos asociados. Resultados: Desde el punto de vista métrico el promedio de artículos de los alumnos ayudantes ha sido de 28,23 y de los asociados de 47,5. El índice h sin embargo de los alumnos ayudantes promedio es de 4,12 en comparación con el de los asociados de 3,75. El promedio de años que los alumnos ayudantes se han vinculado ha sido de 5 años y el de los asociados de 3,75. Ambos grupos han trabajado colectivamente para cursos y eventos tanto en Cuba como en el exterior. Conclusiones: Las estancias post-Quincke han demostrado ser una nueva posibilidad de formación, captación de talentos, aprendizaje, producción científica e intercambio de conocimientos científicos en una novedosa forma pedagógica de hacer ciencia.

ABSTRACT Introduction: As a result of the Quincke Research Scholarship, are search group with young medical students and recent graduated physicians interested to continue their search eve loping in LABCEL was integrated. Objective: To describe the growth of this group from 2012to 2020 in the post Quincke stay integrated by 8 assistant students and 8 students don't belong to LABCEL but integrated as associated students. Results: From the metric point of view the mean articles made by the assistant students was 28,23 and from the associated one, 57,5. Nevertheless the mean of h index from the assistant students was 4,12 in comparison with the associated students that was 3,75. The average of years pent for the assistant students was 5 years and for the associated was 3,75. Both groups were working together in courses and congress in Cuba and abroad. Conclusions: The post Quincke stay was demonstrated to be a new possibility for formation, talent capture, learning. Scientific production and exchange of scientific knowedges in a new pedagogic way to make science.

Producción científica en el Laboratorio Central de Líquido Cefalorraquídeo / Scientific production at the Cerebrospinal Fluid Central Laboratory

RESUMEN Fundamento: El Laboratorio Central de Líquido Cefalorraquídeo arriba casi a sus 17 años de fundado, como una entidad de ciencia e innovación tecnológica que se distingue por su prolífera producción científica. Objetivo: caracterizar la producción científica investigadores y alumnos ayudantes en el Laboratorio Central de Líquido Cefalorraquídeo. Métodos: estudio bibliométrico, descriptivo, de las publicaciones científicas del Laboratorio Central de Líquido Cefalorraquídeo, adscrito a la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Miguel Enríquez, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana. Se analizó la producción científica correspondiente al período comprendido desde abril de 2004 hasta febrero de 2020, según las bases de datos de Google Académico, Scopus y PubMed. Se obtuvieron las variables reportadas por Publish or perish versión 7 avanzada, como los índices h y sus variantes. También se hizo el análisis de redes por VOSviewer, versión 1.6.13. Resultados: se publicaron en total 426 artículos. El investigador fundador mostró un índice h (dado por Google Académico) de 20, el cual disminuyó a medida que se fueron integrando otros autores al grupo. Hubo dos autores con idéntico índice h, pero con índice g superior, o sea, que acumuló un mayor número de citas para igual número de trabajos incluidos en el índice, y el alcance h y g fue inversamente proporcional a los años de experiencia, y por tanto, al número de publicaciones de autores con índice h=1 o superior. Conclusión: La producción científica ha sido amplia, sostenible en número y demuestra lo que ha logrado el equipo con un trabajo sistemático de impacto.

ABSTRACT Background: The Central Cerebrospinal Fluid Laboratory is almost 17 years old, as an entity of science and technological innovation that is distinguished by its prolific scientific production. Objective: to characterize the scientific production of researchers and assistant students in the Central Laboratory of Cerebrospinal Fluid. Methods: bibliometric, descriptive study of the scientific publications of the Cerebrospinal Fluid Central Laboratory, attached to the Miguel Enríquez Faculty of Medical Sciences, Havana University of Medical Sciences. The scientific production from April 2004 to February 2020 was analyzed, according to the Google Scholar, Scopus and PubMed databases. The variables reported by Publish or perish version 7 advanced were obtained, such as h indices and their variants. The network analysis was also done by VOSviewer, version 1.6.13. Results: a total of 426 articles were published. The founding researcher showed an h-index (given by Google Scholar) of 20, which decreased as other authors joined the group. There were two authors with the same h-index, but with a higher g-index, that is, they accumulated a greater number of citations for the same number of works included in the index, and the h and g scope was inversely proportional to the years of experience, and therefore, to the number of publications of authors with index h = 1 or higher. Conclusion: Scientific production has been extensive, sustainable in number and shows what the team has achieved with systematic impact work.

Becas de Investigación Quincke, un espacio donde el alumno se inicia como científico / Quincke Research Scholarship, an space where the student start to be a scientist

Introducción: Las Becas de Investigación Quincke son una iniciativa que se sustenta en la necesidad de la adquisición de habilidades para la investigación, lo que no está contemplado en la malla curricular de los estudiantes de Medicina en Cuba. Objetivo: Describir los aspectos más novedosos en cuanto a innovación de las becas Quincke, que se ha mantenido sostenidamente y en ascenso todos estos años para capacitar a los estudiantes como futuros científicos. Métodos: Este estudio es una investigación cualitativa. Se usa como instrumento de investigación la entrevista y los grupos focales y, además, se evalúa la evidencia documental disponible. Resultados: Hasta la fecha han asistido 101 estudiantes de Medicina y 24 médicos residentes de Angola, Bolivia, China, Colombia, Cuba, España, Estados Unidos, México, Uruguay y Vietnam. Han participado profesores de España, Ecuador y Perú a impartir gratuitamente sus conocimientos. A partir de datos originales no publicados, basándose en los principios de la ciencia abierta, los estudiantes deben llegar a los resultados a partir de una hipótesis. Para los estudiantes que provienen del exterior se ha posibilitado que soliciten travel grants gracias a un donativo de la American Physiological Society a partir del International Opportunity Program Award. Conclusiones: Las Becas de Investigación Quincke han demostrado ser un proyecto innovador sostenible basado en la ciencia abierta para la educación médica por la forma en que se desarrolla, donde los estudiantes son protagonistas de los resultados científicos. Es, además, un proyecto movilizador de personalidades procedentes de otros países(AU)

Introduction: Quincke Research Scholarship is an iniciative that was supported by the necessity to develop research abilities for the medicine students that was not included in the curricular net in Cuba Objective: To describe the most new aspects of the Quincke Scholarship to develop the starting of the students like future scientists Methods: This study is a qualitative research. Interviews, phocal groups and available documental study were employed. Resultads: 101 medicine students and 24 residents from Cuba, USA, China, Vietnam, Uruguay, Bolivia, Spain, Mexico, Colombia and Angola among other ones were participated. In addition, professors from Spain, Ecuador and Peru came for free to share their knowledges. Based on open science non-published original data was brought to the students in order to arrive to results from an hypothesis. For foreigner students they can apply to a travel grant thanks to the American Physiological Society by an International Opportunity Program Award. Conclusions: Quincke Research Scholarship was demonstrated to be an innovative and sustaintable project based on open science for medical education because by the way the students become protagonists of scientific results and to movilize personalities from other countries Quincke(AU)

Particularidades de la meningoencefalitis eosinofílica en la era del caracol gigante africano / Particular features of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in the age of the giant African snail

Introducción: la meningoencefalitis eosinofílica es una enfermedad inflamatoria infecciosa reportada en Cuba desde la década de los ochenta del siglo pasado y actualmente extendida al continente americano. Es producida por el parásito Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Objetivo: determinar si existen diferencias entre los pacientes que sufrieron meningoencefalitis eosinofílica antes y después de la introducción del caracol gigante africano. Métodos: se estudiaron un total de 19 muestras de líquido cefalorraquídeo y suero tomadas simultáneamente a cada paciente diagnosticados con meningoencefalitis eosinofílica, perteneciente a la seroraquioteca del Laboratorio Central del Líquido Cefalorraquídeo (LABCEL). Para la determinación de las proteínas albúmina e IgG se empleó como método de laboratorio la inmunodifusión radial. Resultados: el 14 por ciento de los pacientes fueron adultos antes de la aparición de este molusco, en contraste con el momento actual, donde el 50 por ciento son pacientes con edades superiores a 18 años. El porcentaje de síntesis de IgG intratecal media fue mayor en los enfermos actuales, aunque no de manera significativa. Conclusiones: . existen diferencias antes y después de la aparición del caracol gigante africano dado por la respuesta de síntesis intratecal en los pacientes asociados con el molusco que denota una mayor agresividad del parásito. La edad promedio mayor de los enfermos confirma que estos son los que más manipulan y dispersan el molusco(AU)

Introduction: eosinophilic meningoencephalitis is an infectious inflammatory disease reported in Cuba since the 1980s and currently extended to the American continent. This condition is caused by the parasite Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Objective: determine whether there are differences between the patients suffering from eosinophilic meningoencephalitis before and after the introduction of the giant African snail. Methods: a study was conducted of a total 19 cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples taken simultaneously from each of the patients diagnosed with eosinophilic meningoencephalitis and kept at the sample collection of the Central Cerebrospinal Fluid Laboratory (LABCEL). Radial immunodiffusion was the laboratory method used for determination of the proteins albumin and IgG. Results: of the patients studied, 14 percent were adults before the appearance of this mollusc, in contrast with the present moment, when 50 percent are patients aged over 18 years. The percentage of mean intrathecal synthesis of IgG was higher in the current sufferers, though not significantly. Conclusions: there are differences before and after the appearance of the giant African snail, given the intrathecal synthesis response of patients associated to the mollusc, which denotes greater aggressiveness by the parasite. The higher mean age of sufferers confirms that these are the ones who most often handle and disperse the mollusc(AU)

Alumnos ayudantes como futuros profesores / Student teachers as future professors

Introducción: El movimiento de alumnos-ayudantes surgió hace varias décadas en Cuba como una de las principales fortalezas de la enseñanza universitaria cubana. Objetivo: Exponer las experiencias innovadoras de un grupo de alumnos-ayudantes como futuros profesores en los últimos ocho años. Métodos: Se utilizó la metodología cualitativa, que tuvo en cuenta la entrevista, el análisis documental y los grupos focales, para exponer las experiencias innovadoras de la actuación de un grupo de alumnos-ayudantes en el Laboratorio Central de Líquido Cefalorraquídeo. Resultados: Los alumnos ayudantes realizaron un total de 67 publicaciones nacionales e internacionales, y participaron en 44 congresos en Cuba y el extranjero entre 2015 y 2019. Esto se logró con la combinación de las tareas de investigación y la docencia impartida en Cuba y en España. A la labor de alumnos-ayudantes se incorporaron estudiantes de Estados Unidos, Alemania y España. También se llevaron a cabo actividades comunitarias para jóvenes y niños junto con la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba. Conclusiones: El protagonismo que han tenido los alumnos-ayudantes les ha permitido sentar las bases para su formación como futuros líderes de la próxima generación, a partir de formas novedosas y sustentables, y mejores resultados en la formación, que los capacita para enfrentar nuevos retos(AU)

Introduction: The student teacher movement appeared several decades ago in Cuba as one of the main strengths of Cuban university education. Objective: To expose a group of student teachers' innovative experiences in the last eight years as future teachers. Methods: The qualitative methodology was used, which included the interview, documentary analysis and focus groups, in order to present the innovative experiences concerning the performance of a group of student teachers at Central Laboratory of Cerebrospinal Fluid. Results: The student teachers produced 67 publications, nationally and internationally, and participated in 44 congresses, either in Cuba and abroad, between 2015 and 2019. This was achieved with the combination of research tasks, as well as teaching practiced in Cuba and in Spain. Students from the United States, Germany and Spain have joined the work of student teachers. Community activities for youth and children have also been carried out together with the Cuban Academy of Sciences. Conclusions: The protagonist of student teachers has allowed them to set the foundations of their training as future leaders of the next generation, based on innovative and sustainable modes and better results in training, which enables them to face new challenges(AU)

Strongylides in Achatina(Lissachatina)fulica (Mollusca, Achatinidae) in Havana, Cuba / Strongylides in Achatina(Lissachatina)fulica (Mollusca, Achatinidae) in Havana, Cuba

ABSTRACT Achatina (Lissachatina) fulica was introduced in Cuba in 2014 for african religious purposes and nowadays, mainly by human activity, it is widespread all over the country and, where besides a general nuisance for people it is a pest and also a public health concern, since it is one of the natural intermediate host of Angiostrongylus cantonensis, ethiological agent of the meningoencephalitis. As in Havana is experiencing the explosive phase of the invasion, LABCEL has been receiving samples of these molluscs for identification and search for Angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae. While examining samples of A. fulica different larvae were obtained, as strongylides found in the interior of the pallial cavity of A. fulica.This is the first report in San Miguel del Padron and Regla municipalities of the development of larvae in A. Fulica evidencing the health importance of this mollusc in the potential transmission of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis. Since the spread of A. fulica is pointed out in the literature as one of the main causative spread of the meningoencephalitis caused by A. cantonensis the authors emphasize the need of sanitary vigilance of snails and rats from vulnerable areas for A. cantonensis introduction as the port side areas like these municipalities.

RESUMEN Achatina (Lissachatina) fulica se introdujo en Cuba en 2014 con fines religiosos africanos y hoy en día, principalmente por actividad humana, está muy extendida en todo el país y, además de una molestia general para las personas, es una plaga y también un problema de salud pública, ya que es uno de los huéspedes intermedios naturales de Angiostrongylus cantonensis, agente etiológico de la meningoencefalitis. Como en La Habana está experimentando la fase explosiva de la invasión, LABCEL ha estado recibiendo muestras de estos moluscos para su identificación y búsqueda de larvas de Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Mientras se examinaban muestras de A. fulica, se obtuvieron diferentes larvas, como strongylides encontrados en el interior de la cavidad paliar de A. fulica. Este es el primer informe en los municipios de San Miguel del Padrón y Regla sobre el desarrollo de larvas en A. Fulica evidenciando La importancia para la salud de este molusco en la transmisión potencial de la meningoencefalitis eosinofílica. Dado que la propagación de A. fulica se señala en la literatura como una de las principales causas de la meningoencefalitis causada por A. cantonensis, los autores enfatizan la necesidad de vigilancia sanitaria de caracoles y ratas de áreas vulnerables para la introducción de A. cantonensis como zonas de babor como estos municipios.

Kinetics-like equation for cerebrospinal fluid-blood diffusion models

Introduction: The diffusion of proteins from the blood to the cerebrospinal fluid is influenced by its molecular weight and by the intrinsic properties and biological properties of the protein. Methods: Paired samples of serum and cerebrospinal fluid were taken from normal subjects to quantify albumin and proteins of the lectin pathway of the complement system. The distribution of these with regard to the value of QAlbúmin = (Albumin in serum / albumin in cerebrospinal fluid) was evaluated because this protein is used as a marker of the passage of the barrier. Results: It was observed that some of these describe a saturation pattern which resembles the curves that describe the Michaelis-Menten reaction of enzymatic activity. This led to the consideration of two constants that will help to characterize the behavior of these proteins by spreading to the cerebrospinal fluid: the maximum Q of the protein, which is the maximum proportion found empirically between the concentrations in blood and cerebrospinal fluid and the value Kcdw which is the value of the average diffusion speed of Q albumin when the semi-maximal value of the Q of the protein under study is obtained. Conclusions: Empirically obtained constants will help the characterization and differentiation of the diffusion of these new proteins as they pass from the blood to the cerebrospinal fluid(AU)

Lectin pathway components and its transfer from blood to cerebrospinal fluid

Introduction: Defining mechanisms governing the diffusion from blood to cerebrospinal fluid is central to understanding immune function in the central nervous system. Objective: To describe the dynamics of diffusion of the lectin pathway components from blood to cerebrospinal fluid. Methods: It was organized the information available in PubMed database and of papers from journals, and abstract books from international congresses belongs mainly to Cuban authors all about the lectin pathway of complement including manan-binding lectin (MBL) and ficolins complexed with the MBL-associated serine proteases (MASP2), and of other components like MASP3, Map44 as regulatory components and the different starters like MBL, ficolins and CLLK. Results: All the lectin pathways component are blood derived proteins but at the same time it could be synthesized intrathecally. Most of the protein can be transferred from blood to cerebrospinal fluid in different aggregation forms and some of them can be described as a consuming curve. The control mechanism of regulation the lectin pathway can be followed by molecules as MASP3 and Map44. Conclusions: The under- constructed lectin pathway of the complement system required not only the available information in different journals. It had to be completed by reviewing the congress abstract book and congress website of the last years(AU)

Human neuroimmune response against angiostrongylus cantonensis

Introduction: Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a zoonotic pathogen that causes human angiostrongyliasis; its main clinical manifestation is eosinophilic meningitis. It was reported in Cuba for the first time in America. Objective: To review the main immunological findings about the human neuroimmune response against this parasite. Methods: This paper is based on a review of the papers mainly from Cuban authors published in the last 10 years about the human neuroimmune response against this helmint. This information becomes more relevant after the introduction of the African giant snail Lissachatina fulica in Cuba in 2014. Results: The humoral immune response is based on the immunoglobulin intrathecal synthesis. When the third-stage larvae go to the central nervous system at the first lumbar puncture there are no major immunoglobulin synthesis. One week later an immune intrathecal response is done by a two-class major immunoglobulin class mainly IgG+ IgA Intrathecal activation of complement is evident of intrathecal synthesis of major immunoglobulins during this disease. The activation of complement system components in cerebrospinal fluid is relevant to the understanding of this tropical disease, which is emerging in the Western hemisphere. Intrathecal synthesis of at least one of the major immunoglobulins and a wide spectrum of patterns may be observed. Although intrathecal synthesis of C3c and IgE is always present, C4 intrathecal synthesis does not occur in every patient. The diversity of intrathecal synthesis and activation of the different complement pathways enables their division into three variant groups. In each one could be finding the activation of one or several complement pathways including the participation of MBL, MASP-2 and ficolins as part of the lectin pathway complement activation. Conclusion: The neuroimmune response against Angiostrongylus cantonensis eosinophilic meningoencephalitis is an example of the host-parasite interaction(AU)